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Overview The founders of the Hutterian Brethren were
Anabaptist refugees from Switzerland, Germany,
and the Tyrol (Northern Italy and Southern Austria) who settled
in Moravia.
In 1528
Jacob Wiederman became the leader
of one communal group. Also in
1528 they placed all their worldly goods together and started the communal way of life.
In
1529 Jacob Hutter from Tyrol (today
in northern Italy and southern Austria) with a group of refugees visited
the colonies in Moravia. The two groups were united under Hutter's leadership. In
1533 Jacob Hutter became the officially leader of this united group. Hutter, a good organizer,
forged the emergence of our Hutterian church. At this time our creed was established
and has remained relatively unchanged since.
Jacob Hutter was burned at the stake in Innsbruck, Austria, in 1536 for refusing to
renounce his faith.
Peter Riedemanwas another very important founding member of our
church. His Confession of Faith is still an accepted authority
on our beliefs
and practices. The four most important points are adult baptism of believers, community of
goods, non resistance and the separation of church and state.
Around the turn of the century (1600) there were over 15,000 Hutterian members in
Moravia (today in the Czech Republic) and Hungary.
After the religious wars of the 17th century, and also to some extent before, the
recognized churches were the Catholic, the Lutheran, and the Reformed. Because the
law of the time (the Peace of Augsburg) required all people to subscribe to the church of
the land's ruler, people of other faith ended up being caught between a rock and a hard
place. No other churches were tolerated.
Because of this our history is a history of continued persecution, martyrdom and
flight. Hutterites migrated from Moravia (today in the Czech Republic) to Slovakia, (then in the
Kingdom of Hungary) from Slovakia to Moravia, from Moravia to Slovakia, from Slovakia to
Transylvania, in Rumania) to the Wallachia district of Rumania, to the Ukraine in the
neighborhood of Kiev, to the Molotschna district north of the Black Sea,
in 1874 to the
United States and finally to Canada in 1918. In most of
these countries, the nobles and landowners
welcomed them and were glad to have them as they proved
to be good workers. However on
orders from the emperor, authorities, or persecution they ended up vacating their country
and their colonies and starting anew in a different country.
We see God's hand in the move to Transylvania in 1621 and in the renewal of our church
in 1755. During war between the Holy Roman Empire and the Turks, the
Hungarian sided at times
with the Empire and
at other times with the Turks, depending on which side
offered more benefits to them at the time.
In one of these wars, Bethlen Gabor, Prince of Transylvania, a Protestant who usually
sided with the Turks against the Catholic Empire, came in contact with the Hutterites.
Gabor welcomed the Hutterites to Transylvania, but they declined his offer.
In 1621 instead of letting the matter drop, he sent wagons and forced close to 200
Hutterites to come to his realm where he promised them religious freedom. During the
30-Years-War, 1618-1648, the Hutterites in Transylvania were relatively untouched, whereas
the colonies in Slovakia were virtually wiped out. Most of the Hutterites eventually
evacuated to Transylvania.
When Empress Maria Theresa displaced all non-Catholics to the outskirts
of her domains in 1755, Lutherans from Carinthia in Austria, named Waldner, Wipf, Hofer,
Stahl, Kleinsasser, Gross, Wurtz and other common names under the Hutterites today, came
in contact with the old Hutterites. They
reinvigorated this group of remaining Hutterites who had been coerced to
join the Catholic Church by the Jesuits. Ccommunal living,
which had been given up, was revived
and survived.
Times didn't improve for the Hutterites
after this, and they lived in constant fear of Turkish captivity. In
1770, they moved north to Russia where they had a few years of peace.
However, by 1819 internal dissent had caused the Hutterites to abandon
community of goods for the second time in their history. However, they
still shared some pasture and buildings communally and still considered
themselves a brotherhood.
Economic and spiritual problems
pressured the Hutterites to seek outside help. Johann Cornies, a
Mennonite government employee, stepped in and organized their move to a
new village called Huttertal, near the Molotschna Mennonite settlement.
(Mennonites share a common Anabaptist history with the Hutterites.)
They were finally able to reestablish themselves financially and
spiritually and several more Hutterite villages were established over the
ensuing years.
Several men were instrumental in reestablishing
community of goods among the Hutterites. Minister Michael Waldner (a
blacksmith, called Schmied-Miechel), Jakob Hofer, Jakob Wipf (Lehrer),
and Darius Walter were four of them. Because the Hutterites were
still preaching the old Hutterian sermons which emphasized community of
goods, they felt compelled to do act on the message they were preaching.
In 1859, Rev. Michael Waldner (Schmied-Michel)
reinitiated community of goods in the village of Hutterdorf. The
following year, Darius Walter (Darius) established community of
goods on the other end of the village. In the center of the
village lived those "Hutterites" who didn't practice communal living.
In 1868, Schmied-Michel's group
established a new colony at Scheromet with members from Hutterdorf and
Johannesruh. Schmied-Michel's followers were called "Schmiedeleut"
(leut means "people") and Darius Walter's followers were called "Dariusleut".
In 1871, when the Russian government
repealed the military exemption status that Hutterites and
Mennonites had enjoyed, they decided to look for a new home. Even
though the Russian government later changed its position, ALL of the
Hutterites and many Mennonites left Russia for America.
The Hutterites immigrated to the United States from Russia between
1874 and 1879.
In 1918, due to a tragic incidence in which two members
died at the hands of by the
US military, most Hutterites emigrated to Canada. After the war, many
resettled in former colonies in the USA, but by then Hutterites had a foothold on the
Canadian Prairies. Today almost 75% of all Hutterites live in
Canada.
Where did Hutterites initially
settle in North America?
Schmiedeleut:
The
Schmiedeleut, under the eldership of Rev. Michael Waldner, established the
first Hutterite Colony (Bon Homme) on North American soil in 1874.
Rev. Michael Waldner was a Schmied (or blacksmith) hence the name,
Schmiedeleut.
Bon Homme Colony is located near
Yankton SD, on the banks of the Missouri River, and is still inhabited
today.
Dariusleut: The Dariusleut
established Wolf Creek Colony near Olivet SD in 1875. The leader of
the group was named Darius Hofer. Hence, they are called Dariusleut.
The original Wolf Creek colony was sold
in 1930 when the Dariusleut migrated to Alberta, Canada. Later, in
1963 the colony site was purchased by Tschetter Colony and rebuilt nearby.
The colony name remained Wolf Creek.
Lehrerleut: The Lehrerleut established Elm Spring Colony near
Ethan SD in
1877. The leader of the Lehrerleut was a teacher (Lehrer),
hence their name, Lehrerleut.
After selling this colony site in 1929,
the Lehrerleut migrated to Canada, settling in Alberta. The original
colony site was purchased in 1936 by a Schmiedeleut colony (Maxwell Col,
MB) and renamed New Elm Spring.
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